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Q11. How does traceroute map the route a packet travels from point A to point B?
A. Uses a TCP timestamp packet that will elicit a time exceeded in transit message
B. Manipulates the value of the time to live (TTL) within packet to elicit a time exceeded in transit message
C. Uses a protocol that will be rejected by gateways on its way to the destination
D. Manipulates the flags within packets to force gateways into generating error messages
Answer: B
Q12. Hampton is the senior security analyst for the city of Columbus in Ohio. His primary responsibility is to ensure that all physical and logical aspects of the city's computer network are secure from all angles. Bill is an IT technician that works with Hampton in the same IT department. Bill's primary responsibility is to keep PC's and servers up to date and to keep track of all the agency laptops that the company owns and lends out to its employees. After Bill setup a wireless network for the agency, Hampton made sure that everything was secure. He instituted encryption, rotating keys, turned off SSID broadcasting, and enabled MAC filtering. According to agency policy, only company laptops are allowed to use the wireless network, so Hampton entered all the MAC addresses for those laptops into the wireless security utility so that only those laptops should be able to access the wireless network.
Hampton does not keep track of all the laptops, but he is pretty certain that the agency only purchases Dell laptops. Hampton is curious about this because he notices Bill working on a Toshiba laptop one day and saw that he was on the Internet. Instead of jumping to conclusions, Hampton decides to talk to Bill's boss and see if they had purchased a Toshiba laptop instead of the usual Dell. Bill's boss said no, so now Hampton is very curious to see how Bill is accessing the Internet. Hampton does site surveys every couple of days, and has yet to see any outside wireless network signals inside the company's building.
How was Bill able to get Internet access without using an agency laptop?
A. Bill spoofed the MAC address of Dell laptop
B. Bill connected to a Rogue access point
C. Toshiba and Dell laptops share the same hardware address
D. Bill brute forced the Mac address ACLs
Answer: B
Q13. Where should a security tester be looking for information that could be used by an attacker against an organization? (Select all that apply)
A. CHAT rooms
B. WHOIS database
C. News groups
D. Web sites E. Search engines
F. Organization’s own web site
Answer: ABCDEF
Explanation: A Security tester should search for information everywhere that he/she can access.
You never know where you find that small piece of information that could penetrate a strong defense.
Q14. One of your team members has asked you to analyze the following SOA record. What is the version?
Rutgers.edu.SOA NS1.Rutgers.edu ipad.college.edu (200302028 3600 3600 604800 2400.
A. 200303028
B. 3600
C. 604800
D. 2400
E. 60
F. 4800
Answer: A
Explanation: The SOA starts with the format of YYYYMMDDVV where VV is the version.
Q15. Windows LAN Manager (LM) hashes are known to be weak. Which of the following are known weaknesses of LM? (Choose three)
A. Converts passwords to uppercase.
B. Hashes are sent in clear text over the network.
C. Makes use of only 32 bit encryption.
D. Effective length is 7 characters.
Answer: ABD
Explanation: The LM hash is computed as follows.1. The user’s password as an OEM string is converted to uppercase. 2. This password is either null-padded or truncated to 14 bytes. 3. The “fixed-length” password is split into two 7-byte halves. 4. These values are used to create two DES keys, one from each 7-byte half. 5. Each of these keys is used to DES-encrypt the constant ASCII string “KGS!@#$%”, resulting in two 8-byte ciphertext values. 6. These two ciphertext values are concatenated to form a 16-byte value, which is the LM hash. The hashes them self are sent in clear text over the network instead of sending the password in clear text.
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Q16. An Evil Cracker is attempting to penetrate your private network security. To do this, he must not be seen by your IDS, as it may take action to stop him. What tool might he use to bypass the IDS?
Select the best answer.
A. Firewalk
B. Manhunt
C. Fragrouter
D. Fragids
Answer: C
Explanations:
Firewalking is a way to disguise a portscan. Thus, firewalking is not a tool, but a method of conducting a port scan in which it can be hidden from some firewalls. Synamtec Man-Hunt is an IDS, not a tool to evade an IDS. Fragrouter is a tool that can take IP traffic and fragment it into multiple pieces. There is a legitimate reason that fragmentation is done, but it is also a technique that can help an attacker to evade detection while Fragids is a made-up tool and does not exist.
Q17. Your lab partner is trying to find out more information about a competitors web site. The site has a .com extension. She has decided to use some online whois tools and look in one of the regional Internet registrys. Which one would you suggest she looks in first?
A. LACNIC
B. ARIN
C. APNIC
D. RIPE
E. AfriNIC
Answer: B
Explanation: Regional registries maintain records from the areas from which they govern. ARIN is responsible for domains served within North and South America and therefore, would be a good starting point for a .com domain.
Q18. Steven is the senior network administrator for Onkton Incorporated, an oil well drilling company in Oklahoma City. Steven and his team of IT technicians are in charge of keeping inventory for the entire company; including computers, software, and oil well equipment. To keep track of everything, Steven has decided to use RFID tags on their entire inventory so they can be scanned with either a wireless scanner or a handheld scanner. These RFID tags hold as much information as possible about the equipment they are attached to. When Steven purchased these tags, he made sure they were as state of the art as possible. One feature he really liked was the ability to disable RFID tags if necessary. This comes in very handy when the company actually sells oil drilling equipment to other companies. All Steven has to do is disable the RFID tag on the sold equipment and it cannot give up any information that was previously stored on it.
What technology allows Steven to disable the RFID tags once they are no longer needed?
A. Newer RFID tags can be disabled by using Terminator Switches built into the chips
B. RFID Kill Switches built into the chips enable Steven to disable them
C. The company's RFID tags can be disabled by Steven using Replaceable ROM technology
D. The technology used to disable an RFIP chip after it is no longer needed, or possibly stolen, is called RSA Blocking
Answer: D
Explanation: http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2060
Q19. On a default installation of Microsoft IIS web server, under which privilege does the web server software execute?
A. Everyone
B. Guest
C. System
D. Administrator
Answer: C
Explanation: If not changed during the installation, IIS will execute as Local System with way to high privileges.
Q20. After a client sends a connection request (SYN) packet to the server, the server will respond (SYN-ACK) with a sequence number of its choosing, which then must be acknowledge (ACK) by the client. This sequence number is predictable; the attack connects to a service first with its own IP address, records the sequence number chosen and then opens a second connection from a forget IP address. The attack doesn’t see the SYN-ACK (or any other packet) from the server, but can guess the correct responses. If the source IP Address is used for authentication, the attacker can use the one-side communication to break into the server.
What attacks can you successfully launch against a server using the above technique?
A. Session Hijacking attacks
B. Denial of Service attacks
C. Web Page defacement attacks
D. IP Spoofing Attacks
Answer: A
Explanation: The term Session Hijacking refers to the exploitation of a valid computer session -sometimes also called a session key - to gain unauthorised access to information or services in a computer system. In particular, it is used to refer to the theft of a magic cookie used to authenticate a user to a remote server. It has particular relevance to web developers, as the HTTP cookies used to maintain a session on many web sites can be easily stolen by an attacker using an intermediary computer or with access to the saved cookies on the victim's computer.
Topic 11, Hacking Web Servers